Multicomponent Hydrogels by Jagan Mohan Dodda;Kalim Deshmukh;Deon Bezuidenhout;

Author:Jagan Mohan Dodda;Kalim Deshmukh;Deon Bezuidenhout; [Dodda, Jagan Mohan]
Language: eng
Format: epub
ISBN: 9781837670062
Publisher: Lightning Source Inc. (Tier 2)
Published: 2023-04-17T00:00:00+00:00

10.2.4 Heart Tissue Engineering Applications

An adult heart loses its structure and functionality after myocardial infarction due to the limited regeneration capacity of human cardiomyocytes. Cardiac transplantation is the gold standard treatment when severe heart failure remains, but heart donors are scarce. Thus, cell-based therapies and tissue engineering are considered very promising therapeutic strategies for myocardial ischemia.72–74 Native heart extracellular matrix has been employed in several hybrid hydrogels to favor proliferation of cardiac or aortic endothelial cells and drive stem cell differentiation into cardiac lineages without requiring the addition of growth factors.75–77 Hybrid hydrogels composed of collagen and native heart ECM were evaluated as scaffolds to induce cardiac differentiation of human embryonic stem cells. The increasing addition of collagen diminished the gelation time and the storage and loss moduli of the hydrogel; however, the contraction amplitude of the cells was markedly higher in hydrogels containing high amounts (75%) of ECM. Furthermore, this hydrogel also efficiently promoted the differentiation of human embryonic stem cells into cardiac cells.75 Thiolated-collagen and multiple acrylate-containing oligo(acryloyl carbonate)-b-poly(ethylene glycol)-oligo(acryloyl carbonate) copolymers have been combined to get injectable biodegradable hydrogels. Collagen is thiolated to get in situ hybrid hydrogels via Michel-type addition with the block copolymer. These scaffolds facilitated spreading of BMSCs significantly decreasing the infarct size and increasing wall thickness in a myocardial infarction rat model.73 As the heart is an organ that generates electric impulses to contract, GO derivatives and carbon nanotubes have also been incorporated to obtain hydrogel matrices with conductive properties.72,78 Dual-crosslinked functionalized alginate/GO hydrogels, obtained via a host–guest reaction between β-cyclodextrin-modified alginate and adamantane-modified GO and calcium ionic interactions, were also used to successfully modulate the differentiation of BMSCs into myocytes.79

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